Framing.

The same outcome can feel different when it is described differently.

Describe the same outcome as a gain or a loss and people can choose differently. The effect held across many replications, though at about half its original size.

72% vs 22%

Chose the same program when it was described as saving 200 of 600 people, and when it was described as letting 400 die.

Tversky & Kahneman 1981

This one holds up.

Also under Decision processes.

The intention–behavior gapYou can mean to act and still not act when the moment arrives.Status quo biasThe option already chosen often wins by doing nothing.Salience and attentionWhat is easy to notice can get more weight.Effort and frictionA small immediate cost can change whether an action happens.

Tversky & Kahneman 1981 · Klein et al. 2014 (Many Labs) · Kühberger 1998